🔆 LIGO–India
📍 Context
✅ India has started working on construction of LIGO-India detector, a giant gravitational wave observatory that comprises two 4-km-long vacuum chambers, built perpendicular to each other, at Hingoli in Maharashtra.
🔆 Potential Benefits of LIGO–India
✅ Universe Evolution Understanding: By detecting gravitational waves from a variety of sources, including merging neutron stars and black holes.
✅ Development of new technologies that can be used in other fields, such as medical imaging and seismology.
✅ Inspiration of a new generation of scientists and engineers by providing them with the opportunity to work.
✅ Global Collaboration: LIGO-India’s inclusion in the network would promote international collaboration, fostering knowledge exchange, shared resources, and joint research efforts in the field of gravitational wave astronomy.
🔬 Gravitational Waves
✅ Ripples in space-time predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (1915)
✅ Travel at the speed of light, carry information about their origins and gravity
📍 First Detection of Gravitational Waves
✅ Landmark Event: Detected by LIGO (USA) in 2015, led to Nobel Prize in Physics (2017)
✅ Source: From the merger of two massive black holes (29 and 36 times the mass of the Sun), 1.3 billion years ago
✅ Strength: Black hole mergers produce strongest gravitational waves.
#science_and_technology
📍 Context
✅ India has started working on construction of LIGO-India detector, a giant gravitational wave observatory that comprises two 4-km-long vacuum chambers, built perpendicular to each other, at Hingoli in Maharashtra.
🔆 Potential Benefits of LIGO–India
✅ Universe Evolution Understanding: By detecting gravitational waves from a variety of sources, including merging neutron stars and black holes.
✅ Development of new technologies that can be used in other fields, such as medical imaging and seismology.
✅ Inspiration of a new generation of scientists and engineers by providing them with the opportunity to work.
✅ Global Collaboration: LIGO-India’s inclusion in the network would promote international collaboration, fostering knowledge exchange, shared resources, and joint research efforts in the field of gravitational wave astronomy.
🔬 Gravitational Waves
✅ Ripples in space-time predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (1915)
✅ Travel at the speed of light, carry information about their origins and gravity
📍 First Detection of Gravitational Waves
✅ Landmark Event: Detected by LIGO (USA) in 2015, led to Nobel Prize in Physics (2017)
✅ Source: From the merger of two massive black holes (29 and 36 times the mass of the Sun), 1.3 billion years ago
✅ Strength: Black hole mergers produce strongest gravitational waves.
#science_and_technology
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#Goodmorning
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🔆 Key Findings: Early Settlement in Kachchh
✅ Mangrove-based Life: Early settlers lived in mangrove areas, relying on shellfish (oysters, gastropods) for food.
✅ Stone Tools Evidence: Cutting and scraping tools suggest semi-permanent settlements.
✅ Pre-Harappan Linkages: Cultural ties found with Las Bela, Makran (Pakistan) and Oman Peninsula, indicating shared coastal survival strategies.
✅ Challenges Old View: Counters the belief that Kachchh urbanisation was only Harappan-driven; shows an indigenous development path.
📍 Dating Technique
✅ AMS Carbon-14 Dating: Shell remains were dated using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.
✅ Tree-Ring Calibration: Used tree rings to correct for changing C-14 levels and build a reliable timeline.
✅ Mangrove-based Life: Early settlers lived in mangrove areas, relying on shellfish (oysters, gastropods) for food.
✅ Stone Tools Evidence: Cutting and scraping tools suggest semi-permanent settlements.
✅ Pre-Harappan Linkages: Cultural ties found with Las Bela, Makran (Pakistan) and Oman Peninsula, indicating shared coastal survival strategies.
✅ Challenges Old View: Counters the belief that Kachchh urbanisation was only Harappan-driven; shows an indigenous development path.
📍 Dating Technique
✅ AMS Carbon-14 Dating: Shell remains were dated using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.
✅ Tree-Ring Calibration: Used tree rings to correct for changing C-14 levels and build a reliable timeline.
🔆 Initiatives to Tackle Stubble Burning
📍 Technological & Policy Measures
✅ PUSA Decomposers: Recently, scientists have developed a bio-decomposer technique called ‘PUSA Decomposers’ for converting crop stubble into compost.
✅ Combine Harvester: Improvement should be made in the technology used in such machines so that minimal residue is left behind.
✅ Centralized Control Room: It must be set up to issue directions both for ensuring that appropriate technology to tackle this issue is within the reach of farmers and also ensure enforcement of non-compliance.
📍 Farmer-Centric Solutions
✅ Encourage And Incentivise The Farmers: To go for early paddy, so as to give them enough time to harvest and thereafter prepare their fields for the next Rabi crop.
✅ Sow alternate crops: Encourage farmers to sow alternate crops and shift them away in the long run from paddy to maize, fruits, vegetables, and cotton.
📍 Technological & Policy Measures
✅ PUSA Decomposers: Recently, scientists have developed a bio-decomposer technique called ‘PUSA Decomposers’ for converting crop stubble into compost.
✅ Combine Harvester: Improvement should be made in the technology used in such machines so that minimal residue is left behind.
✅ Centralized Control Room: It must be set up to issue directions both for ensuring that appropriate technology to tackle this issue is within the reach of farmers and also ensure enforcement of non-compliance.
📍 Farmer-Centric Solutions
✅ Encourage And Incentivise The Farmers: To go for early paddy, so as to give them enough time to harvest and thereafter prepare their fields for the next Rabi crop.
✅ Sow alternate crops: Encourage farmers to sow alternate crops and shift them away in the long run from paddy to maize, fruits, vegetables, and cotton.
🔆 Distribution of Mineral Oil & Its Global Implications
(UPSC Mains GS1 – 2015 Topic Revisited)
📍 Uneven Global Distribution
✅ Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
✅ Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
📍 Geopolitical Tensions
✅ Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
✅ Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
📍 Economic Impact
✅ Drives industrialization and trade
✅ Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
📍 Environmental Costs
✅ Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
✅ Combustion worsens global warming
📍 Energy Transition & Future Outlook
✅ Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
✅ Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
(UPSC Mains GS1 – 2015 Topic Revisited)
📍 Uneven Global Distribution
✅ Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
✅ Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
📍 Geopolitical Tensions
✅ Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
✅ Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
📍 Economic Impact
✅ Drives industrialization and trade
✅ Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
📍 Environmental Costs
✅ Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
✅ Combustion worsens global warming
📍 Energy Transition & Future Outlook
✅ Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
✅ Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
#Goodmorning
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#Target
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#Accountability
⏳46 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
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🔆 164th Birth Anniversary of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore
📍 Why It Matters – 9 May 2025
✅ Marks the 164th birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) — a towering figure in literature, art, and spiritual thought.
✅ Born in Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Kolkata, to Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi.
📍 A Global Literary Genius
✅ First non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913) for Gitanjali.
✅ Published first poems at age 16 under the pen name ‘Bhanusimha’.
📍 Titles & Tributes
✅ Reverently known as ‘Gurudev’, ‘Kabiguru’, and ‘Biswakabi’.
✅ Advocated spiritual unity, addressed World Parliament of Religions in 1929 & 1937.
📍 Creative Legacy
✅ Major works: Gitanjali, Gora, Ghare-Baire, Manasi, Sonar Tori, Balaka.
✅ His song ‘Ekla Chalo Re’ became a national inspiration.
✅ Revolutionized Bengali music, art, and literature, fusing the spiritual with the political.
📘 Source: PIB | #GS1 #History
📍 Why It Matters – 9 May 2025
✅ Marks the 164th birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) — a towering figure in literature, art, and spiritual thought.
✅ Born in Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Kolkata, to Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi.
📍 A Global Literary Genius
✅ First non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913) for Gitanjali.
✅ Published first poems at age 16 under the pen name ‘Bhanusimha’.
📍 Titles & Tributes
✅ Reverently known as ‘Gurudev’, ‘Kabiguru’, and ‘Biswakabi’.
✅ Advocated spiritual unity, addressed World Parliament of Religions in 1929 & 1937.
📍 Creative Legacy
✅ Major works: Gitanjali, Gora, Ghare-Baire, Manasi, Sonar Tori, Balaka.
✅ His song ‘Ekla Chalo Re’ became a national inspiration.
✅ Revolutionized Bengali music, art, and literature, fusing the spiritual with the political.
📘 Source: PIB | #GS1 #History
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🗞If you really want to succeed in UPSC Prelims 2026, carry Prelims parallel to Mains. Don’t use extreme methods.
🆕First Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
▶️Many failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1403
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
🆕First Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
▶️Many failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1403
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
📌Attention PSIR Students!
PSIR Highest scorer Swati Sharma AIR 17 was a student of Enlight IAS PSIR and GS daily answer writing Program.
It's very affordable program by Enlight IAS. Apart from this Enlight IAS is the most recommended institute for Prelims test series. 600+ students qualified prelims Click here to know
Details of PSIR DAW: https://www.tg-me.com/EnlightIAS8_official/9446
Details of GS DAW: https://www.tg-me.com/EnlightIAS8_official/9282
Or enroll through our app directly https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.utvkgv.quicew
For enquiry, Contact @EnlightIAS_help or call 9540489839 Website www.enlightias.com
PSIR Highest scorer Swati Sharma AIR 17 was a student of Enlight IAS PSIR and GS daily answer writing Program.
It's very affordable program by Enlight IAS. Apart from this Enlight IAS is the most recommended institute for Prelims test series. 600+ students qualified prelims Click here to know
Details of PSIR DAW: https://www.tg-me.com/EnlightIAS8_official/9446
Details of GS DAW: https://www.tg-me.com/EnlightIAS8_official/9282
Or enroll through our app directly https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.utvkgv.quicew
For enquiry, Contact @EnlightIAS_help or call 9540489839 Website www.enlightias.com
PSIR DAW MODULE -DAYWISE SCHEDULE.PDF
4.3 MB
PSIR DAW MODULE -ANSWER WRITING 2026. To join us: click here
🔆 India’s Disaster Risk Profile: Key Facts & Figures
📍 Latest indicators from official sources
✅ India’s Disaster Preparedness Score = 19.2
(Source: SDG India Index 2024)
✅ India would lose 6% of working hours due to heat stress (≈ 35 million full-time jobs)
(Source: ILO)
✅ Expected financial losses due to heat stress = $2.4 trillion globally by 2030
(Source: ILO)
✅ Nearly 90% of India lies in danger zone from heatwave impact
(Source: PLOS)
✅ Drought impact reduced India’s GDP by up to 5% in the last 20 years
(Source: UNCCD report)
✅ Drought-prone areas increased by 60% in last 25 years
(Source: NIDM)
✅ 40% of India’s land and 70% of cropped area is drought-prone, affecting >40% of population
(Source: NIDM)
✅ In 60 years, floods caused ₹4.5 trillion loss and >1 lakh deaths
(Source: Down to Earth)
✅ Over 12% of land prone to floods & river erosion
(Source: NDMA)
✅ 60% of India vulnerable to earthquakes where >80% of population lives
(Source: NDMA – Earthquake Disaster Risk Index Report)
✅ 75% of coastline & 1/3rd population vulnerable to cyclone-related disasters
(Source: IMD)
✅ India is exposed to 10% of world’s tropical cyclones
(Source: IMD)
#GS3 #DisasterManagement #Data
#Disaster_management
#GS3
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_FACTS
📍 Latest indicators from official sources
✅ India’s Disaster Preparedness Score = 19.2
(Source: SDG India Index 2024)
✅ India would lose 6% of working hours due to heat stress (≈ 35 million full-time jobs)
(Source: ILO)
✅ Expected financial losses due to heat stress = $2.4 trillion globally by 2030
(Source: ILO)
✅ Nearly 90% of India lies in danger zone from heatwave impact
(Source: PLOS)
✅ Drought impact reduced India’s GDP by up to 5% in the last 20 years
(Source: UNCCD report)
✅ Drought-prone areas increased by 60% in last 25 years
(Source: NIDM)
✅ 40% of India’s land and 70% of cropped area is drought-prone, affecting >40% of population
(Source: NIDM)
✅ In 60 years, floods caused ₹4.5 trillion loss and >1 lakh deaths
(Source: Down to Earth)
✅ Over 12% of land prone to floods & river erosion
(Source: NDMA)
✅ 60% of India vulnerable to earthquakes where >80% of population lives
(Source: NDMA – Earthquake Disaster Risk Index Report)
✅ 75% of coastline & 1/3rd population vulnerable to cyclone-related disasters
(Source: IMD)
✅ India is exposed to 10% of world’s tropical cyclones
(Source: IMD)
#GS3 #DisasterManagement #Data
#Disaster_management
#GS3
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_FACTS
#Goodmorning
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⏳82 days MPSC prelims 28 Sept
⏳ 96 days left UPPSC prelims 12 Oct
#Target
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#Accountability
⏳45 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳131 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳320 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳409 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳15 days JKPSC 23th July
⏳19 days UPPSC RO ARO 27 July
⏳26 days left capf AC 3 Aug
⏳64 days left 71th BPSC
⏳82 days MPSC prelims 28 Sept
⏳ 96 days left UPPSC prelims 12 Oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
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